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Vitamin C

Ascorbic Acid
Also known as: L-Ascorbic Acid · LAA · Ascorbic Acid
BrighteningAntioxidantAnti-aging

A potent antioxidant that brightens, protects, and boosts collagen.

Skin types
Normal, Oily
Pore-clogging
Non-comedogenic
Use when
Evening
Concentration
10–20%
What it does

L-Ascorbic acid is the most bioavailable and well-researched form of vitamin C. It neutralises free radicals from UV and pollution, inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase to reduce melanin production, and directly stimulates collagen synthesis. However, it is inherently unstable and requires careful formulation (low pH, anhydrous base, or combined with ferulic acid) to remain effective.

Benefits
  • Neutralises environmental free radical damage from UV and pollution
  • Inhibits melanin production to fade dark spots and even skin tone
  • Directly stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis
  • Brightens dull complexion with consistent use
  • Enhances SPF efficacy when used underneath sunscreen
How to layer
🌙 Evening routine
Cleanser
Toner
Serum
Moisturiser
Face Oil
After toning, before moisturiser
Good for
Normal skinOily skinCombination skinDry skin
Avoid mixing with
Heads up
  • Very unstable — oxidises quickly; look for opaque, airtight packaging
  • Can cause tingling or irritation at higher concentrations, especially on sensitive skin
  • Low pH formulations may be too acidic for sensitive skin
  • Oxidised (orange/brown) vitamin C is ineffective and potentially irritating
How to use

Apply in the morning after cleansing, before SPF. Allow to absorb for a few minutes before layering. Ideally pair with ferulic acid for enhanced stability and efficacy.

Typical concentration: 10–20% L-Ascorbic Acid; 5% can be effective in stable derivative forms